ABSTRACT
Objective: following traumatic brain injury, disruption of blood-brain-barrier and consequent brain edema are critical events which might lead to increasing intracranial pressure [ICP], and nerve damage. The current study assessed the effects of aqueous date fruit extract [ADFE] on the aforementioned parameters
Materials and Methods: in this experimental study, diffused traumatic brain injury [TBI] was generated in adult male rats using Marmarou's method. Experimental groups include two pre-treatment [oral ADFE, 4 and 8 mL/kg for 14 days], vehicle [distilled water, for 14 days] and sham groups. Brain edema and neuronal injury were measured 72 hours after TBI. Veterinary coma scale [VCS] and ICP were determined at -1, 4, 24, 48 and 72 hours after TBI. Differences among multiple groups were assessed using ANOVA. Turkey's test was employed for the ANOVA post-hoc analysis. The criterion of statistical significance was sign at P<0.05
Results: brain water content in ADFE-treated groups was decreased in comparison with the TBI+vehicle group. VCS at 24, 48 and 72 hours after TBI showed a significant increase in ADFE groups in comparison with the TBI+vehicle group. ICP at 24, 48 and 72 hours after TBI, was decreased in ADFE groups, compared to the TBI+vehicle. Brain edema, ICP and neuronal injury were also decreased in ADFE group, but VCS was increased following on TBI
Conclusion: ADFE pre-treatment demonstrated an efficient method for preventing traumatic brain deterioration and improving pathological parameters after TBI
ABSTRACT
Retinoic acid as one of the most important regulators for cell differentiation was examined in this study for differentiation of human umbilical mesenchymal cells [hUCM]. After isolation, hUCM were evaluated for mesenchymal stem cell properties by flow cytometry and alkaline phosphatase assay. Also, doubling time of the cells and their differentiation potential into adipogenic and osteogenic cells were tested. hUCM were then cultured with different concentrations of retinoic acid, and on days 1, 7, and 12, the percentage of differentiated cells was determined by immunostaining for nestin, anti-microtubule associated protein 2 [MAP[2]], glutamic acid decarboxylase [GAD], and gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA] markers. The isolated cells were negative for the hematopoietic markers and positive for the mesenchymal markers. They showed the population doubling time 60 +/- 3 hours and differentiated into osteogenic and adipogenic cells. A descending trend in nestin and an ascending trend in MAP[2], GAD, and GABA expression were observed from the first day until the last day between different concentrations of retinoic acid. hUCM cells may have the potential to differentiate into neural cells in the presence of different incubation period and concentration of retinoic acid
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Umbilical Cord , Tretinoin , Cell Differentiation , Neural Stem CellsABSTRACT
Anatomic variations in forensic extrahepatic bile ducts is common. Knowledge of extrahepatic bile duct variations is important for surgeons in order to prevent iatrogenic damage during surgery. This study aims to determine the variations in extrahepatic bile ducts among 150 cadavers located at the Kerman Medicine Organization. We performed autopsies on 150 cadavers. Bile ducts were exposed and studied to determine their anatomic variants and diameters. We observed anatomic variants of the biliary tree in 7 cadavers [4.6%]. In 3 [2%] cadavers, the right hepatic duct was missing, in 2 [1.33%] the left hepatic duct was missing and 6 [4%] did not have a common hepatic duct. In one case the common bile duct was absent. We may conclude that the Variation of bile duct is different in multiple population
Subject(s)
Humans , Anatomic Variation , Adult , Forensic Medicine , CadaverABSTRACT
Morphological changes of CA1 neurons in rat hippocampus after transient and permanent focal cerebral ischemia were studied to clarify the nature of postischemic cell death in the subfield. Male adult rats were divided into 3 groups: Control [Shamoperated], transient ischemic group [30 minutes of MCAO followed by 48 hours of reperfusion], and permanent ischemic group [48 hours of MCAO]. After the mentioned times, deep anesthesia was induced in the rats and their brains were removed and processed for transmission electron microscopy [TEM] and evaluation. Electron-microscopic examination on day 2 showed key morphological signs of apoptosis in the permanent ischemic group, while morphological signs of necrosis were observed in the transient ischemic group. These results suggest necrosis [as dominant mechanism of neuronal death after transient ischemia] and apoptosis [after permanent ischemia] to be involved in neuronal death